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A free weekly collection of criminal law links - for practitioners, law students, and anyone with an interest in the criminal justice system of England and Wales.
Curated by Sam Willis, a barrister at 5 King's Bench Walk.
News
'Latest court sites listed to resume jury trials'
Following rigorous health and safety assessments, three Crown Court sites are listed to resume jury trials. Burnley Combined Court Centre (5 October 2020), Isle of Wight Combined Court – Newport (5 October 2020) and Lewes Combined Court (7 October 2020). This will bring the total number of Crown Court sites to 77. Jury trials are also being heard in four Nightingale Courts and two other existing court locations.
New Nightingale Court for Crime - Salford Lowry Theatre
HMCTS is using additional venues to provide increased estates capacity in response to the coronavirus outbreak. These venues have been referred to as ‘Nightingale courts’. They will be used on a temporary basis to ensure as many hearings as possible can continue to take place during the coronavirus outbreak. This page shows the sites that are open and will be updated and published as new sites become operational.
Salford Lowry Theatre - Non-custodial Crown Court work... from Manchester Crown Court... Opening date Monday 28 September 2020
'MPs call for stricter safeguards for private prosecutions'
Private prosecutions should be subject to more effective safeguards so that defendants receive a fair trial and do not pay excessive costs, MPs have recommended. Following the scandal over the Post Office’s misguided criminalisation of scores of its sub-postmasters, the justice select committee has warned of the danger where an “alleged victim in a case is also the investigator and the prosecutor”.
Without central records, the report cautions, there is no way of confirming what it suspects is a sharp rise in prosecutions launched by individuals, companies and organisations such as the RSPCA. Legal aid costs, however, show that in 2014-15 a total of £360,000 was paid out of central funds for private prosecutions in 32 cases. By 2019-20 the costs had risen to nearly £12.3m in 276 cases.
'Criminal lawyers vote overwhelmingly against extended operating hours'
Female lawyers have highlighted the devastating impact that extending court operating hours will have on their health, work-life balance and careers. Nearly 500 solicitors and barristers responded to the Women in Criminal Law’s survey on the impact of extended operating hours, which are being introduced by HM Courts & Tribunals Service to ease pressure on the justice system caused by Covid-19. Of the 311 respondents who indicated their views on extended operating hours (EOH), 88% said they were against it; 3.9% were in favour. Nearly three-quarters of the respondents were women. The biggest reasons for opposing extended operating hours were the impact on childcare and caring arrangements, and the impact on work-life balance.
'CPS inspectors identify significant room for improvement'
The public can be confident that the Crown Prosecution Service is making correct charging decisions - but less so on whether those decisions are being adequately thought through and promptly, inspectors reveal today. HM Crown Prosecution Service Inspectorate decided to examine the quality and timeliness of charging decisions after the CPS returned responsibility for the majority of charging decisions from CPS Direct, a 24-hour national service, to 14 CPS regional areas. The intention was to address a backlog of cases that was causing tension between CPS Direct and the police.
HM chief inspector Kevin McGinty said: ‘There has been a marked improvement in getting the charge right at the outset, which is important, but there is significant room for improvement in respect of the quality of prosecutors’ legal analysis and the timeliness of their decision making.’ To make the most effective use of finite resources, HMCPSI says prosecutors should apply their mind to all relevant considerations at the pre-charge stage to ensure sound charging decisions are made, that the prosecution case is clear from the outset and that the trial strategy is set where a suspect is to be charged. Case files provided by the police must meet a national file standard.
The report can be found here.
Other
'The ‘Internet of Things’ helping to provide key evidence in criminal trials'
Digital devices like smart doorbells, dashcam footage, car GPS systems and even Amazon Alexas are providing increasingly more evidence in criminal trials, the Director of Public Prosecutions (DPP) said in a speech today. Addressing the Westminster Policy Forum this morning on the challenges of prosecuting crime in 2020, Max Hill QC spoke about how developments in digital technology are driving significant changes in the way evidence is collected and used in court.
He said: “As little as 15 years ago criminal investigations and subsequent prosecutions were likely to focus on the crime scene for evidence backed up by eye witness testimonies and door-to-door enquiries. This has been transformed by the way we now live our lives and share information online. The digital devices which are becoming part of the fabric of everyday life, like smart phones, social media and even things like Alexa can actively provide key evidence to pinpoint whereabouts, provide footage of an incident or a timeline. Alexa has already been used as a line of enquiry in a murder case the US. The opportunities and threats presented by the digital age is a constantly evolving challenge for all parts of the criminal justice system, as well as for wider society.” The DPP gave an example of how the GPS system in a Land Rover Discovery was instrumental in providing evidence during a crossbow murder case earlier this year.
'Ethnicity and the criminal justice system: What does recent data say on over-representation?'
... In 2019, according to the Annual Population Survey around 16% of the general population in England and Wales were from a BAME background. However, as shown in the chart below, people from BAME backgrounds made up 23% of people arrested, 21% of people convicted of a crime and 27% of people in prison...
Overall, in 2019 defendants from the White ethnic group were more likely to be convicted (85% of which were found guilty) than those from BAME groups (79%). Here the White category includes: ‘British’, ‘Irish’ and ‘Any other White background’. The higher conviction ratio might be partly explained by the higher rate of ‘guilty’ pleading among White defendants. If we look at defendants in Crown Court trials in 2019, 37% defendants from BAME groups pleaded ‘not guilty’ compared with 27% of White defendants. The Lammy Review explained that willingness to plead guilty is linked to trust in the fairness of the legal system...
Drug offences were the largest category for which BAME offenders were convicted, while for White offenders this was theft. Half of the convictions of Black offenders were for drug offences or possession of weapons, compared to under a quarter of convictions of White offenders. There was little difference in the overall rate of being sentenced to custody, which was 34% for BAME offenders and 33% for White offenders. The Lammy Review did find a difference when looking in more detail...
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Crime QRH (Quick Reference Handbook)
Crime QRH is an easy to use guide to criminal offences in England and Wales for use by criminal lawyers and court advocates. It's a searchable database of offences, providing quick access to key details:
- maximum sentence
- class of offence (including grave crimes)
- sentencing guidelines
- statutory provision
- page references to Archbold and Blackstones
- mandatory minimum sentences
- dangerousness provisions
- obligatory/discretionary driving disqualifications and endorsements
- availability of SHPOs, SCPOs, Unduly Lenient Sentence referrals, SOA Notification Requirements, and POCA